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• Open Access

  Article ID: 474

  

  The evolution of power market structures: Strategic approaches for the Indian electricity market

  by Anusree Thattiyot, Rashmi Mogenahalli Ranganath, Ila Rai, Hoong Pin Lee

  Clean Energy Science and Technology, Vol.4, No.3, 2026;
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  DOI: https://doi.org/10.18686/cest474

  This paper explores strategies for India’s evolving power market, focusing on the renewable energy integration and competitive dynamics introduced by the Electricity Act 2023. With India targeting 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030, it identifies a critical gap in short-term power market models vital for optimizing portfolios and managing fluctuations. The study evaluates five major investment strategies: conventional flexible Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), tariff pass-through approach, contract for difference, physical hedge, and renewable energy generator flexible PPA, using mean and standard deviation for present value and net present value. Findings reveal significant variability in flexible PPAs, underscoring the importance of short-term trading models to enhance adaptability. To address market power, the study evaluates the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and implements improvement strategies, including adding distributed generation, regulatory oversight, and regional expansion. These approaches aim to enhance competition and diversification in the energy market. The paper proposes a hybrid approach combining long-term PPAs for base loads with short-term markets, leveraging transactive energy facilitated by blockchain-enabled smart contracts for efficient procurement and management. By reviewing policies, power exchanges, and literature, the study provides actionable insights into regulatory reforms, advanced trading mechanisms, and decentralized market architectures, emphasizing short-term markets as crucial for India’s sustainable power transition and enhanced competition.

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• Open Access

  Article ID: 791

  

  Environmental sustainability in Asian economies: The role of ICT trade, energy transition, and sustainable development

  by Pham Van Phong, Pham My Dung, Luong Van Lieu, Nguyen Cong Tay

  Clean Energy Science and Technology, Vol.4, No.3, 2026;
  87 Views

  DOI: https://doi.org/10.18686/cest791

  This study examines the determinants of environmental pressure in selected Asian economies, with a focus on the roles of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) trade openness, energy intensity, renewable energy consumption, access to clean cooking fuels, and sustainable development. Using a balanced panel dataset and estimation techniques robust to cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, namely Panel Corrected Standard Errors and Feasible Generalized Least Squares, CO₂ emissions per capita are employed as a proxy for environmental pressure. The empirical results indicate a differentiated pattern of environmental dynamics. The ICT trade is found to be negatively associated with emissions, suggesting that technological diffusion improves production efficiency and reduces environmental pressure. In contrast, energy intensity exhibits a strong positive relationship with emissions, confirming that inefficient energy use remains a central driver of environmental degradation. Renewable energy consumption shows a positive association with emissions, reflecting the dominance of scale effects and the limited substitution away from fossil fuels in the early stages of energy transition. Access to clean cooking fuels contributes to lower emissions, highlighting the importance of household-level energy transition. Sustainable development is also associated with reduced environmental pressure, although its effect appears gradual and context-dependent. The findings suggest that environmental sustainability in Asian economies depends on the interaction between technological openness, energy structure, and structural transformation. Policies should prioritize improving energy efficiency, ensuring effective substitution toward clean energy, strengthening absorptive capacity for technological adoption, and promoting inclusive access to modern energy services.

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